Annalisa Giannella began her career as a European official in 1972, working on European Community affairs until 1994. She subsequently held senior positions in the development of the EU’s security and defence policy, including Director for Security and Defence Policy, where she contributed to the development of the European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP). In 2002, she was appointed Deputy Secretary General of the European Convention on the Future of Europe. From 2003, she served as the EU High Representative’s Personal Representative on non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, also overseeing EU policies on small arms and conventional arms exports. She later assisted the EU/E3 negotiations with Iran on the nuclear issue and, in 2010, became Director for Non-Proliferation and Disarmament at the European External Action Service. She retired in 2011.